When you connect to a website and see a padlock symbol in the address bar, you know you're connected to a website that is secure, right? Well, sort of. What it actually means is that the connection between your computer and website is encrypted using SSL/TLS encryption. If your data must be transmitted you need to consider how you will safeguard your data "in transit." Secure Websites This type of protection safeguards data that is static or "at rest." The user doesn't have any direct interaction with the key, and the key never needs to be sent to anyone else.īecause the key is tied to the login identity of the user, removing the hard drive from the computer and connecting it to another computer will not allow access to the data. The encryption is tied to the login identity of the user and the key is generated automatically and applied automatically. To protect locally stored data, entire hard drives can be encrypted. The key size is independent of the block size. The key is used by the encryption algorithm when it is encrypting the plaintext. They typically range in size from 128 bytes to 2048 bytes or more. A key is a long sequence of bytes generated by a complex algorithm. To prevent unauthorized people from decrypting data, a key is used that identifies who encrypted it and who can decrypt it. This means all hashes are unique even if two or more users happen to have chosen the same password. Hashing techniques may also add unique, random data called a salt to the passwords before they are hashed. If they get hacked, none of the passwords are compromised. This lets the website use authentication without having to store the passwords in an exposed form. That all sounds very thorough, but how do we prevent an unauthorized person from using the same encryption scheme to decrypt our encrypted data? Related: What Is "Military-Grade Encryption"? Different encryption schemes use different algorithms and different block lengths and make use of different combinations of mathematical transforms. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the official encryption standard of the U.S. There are many block encryption schemes available. If the last chunk to be processed is smaller than 128 bits, it is padded to 128 bits. They manipulate the bits-all those ones and zeroes-inside each block according to the rules of complicated mathematical transforms embedded inside the encryption algorithms. If an algorithm uses a block size of 128 bits it'll work its way through the data in chunks of 128 bits. They work through the data a chunk at a time and are called block ciphers. Robust digital schemes don't work on letters and characters one at a time as serial ciphers do. The first letter in the first row was coded as "11", the fourth letter on the second row would be written as "42", and so on. A letter was referenced by its coordinates, like the game battleships. This was a five-by-five or six-by-six grid of letters. The Polybius SquareĪnother method used by the ancient Greeks used a Polybius square. And they both need matching mechanisms to do so. Both the sender and the recipient must know in advance what the encryption scheme is, and how to use it. It's a primitive technique, but it has elements that you'll find in modern encryption systems. A messenger would deliver the parchment to the recipient who would read the message in private having first wrapped it around their own, matching, scytale. Uncoiled, the writing on the parchment made no sense. They wrote their message along the length of the rod, over the wrapped parchment. The ancient Greeks would wrap a strip of parchment in a tight spiral around a wooden rod called a scytale. Since the earliest times, people have used different techniques of preventing anyone but the intended recipient from reading private messages.
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